Intelligent Optimisation Agents in Supply Networks

This paper describes a model of intelligent supply network that improves efficiency within the supply chain. We argue that intelligence creates efficiency and results in chain optimisation. In particular, intelligent agents technology is used to optimise performance of a beverage logistics network. Optimisation agents can help solve specific problems of supply network: reduce inventories and lessen bullwhip effect, improve communication, and enable chain coordination without adverse risk sharing. We model the beer supply network to demonstrate that products can acquire intelligence to direct themselves throughout the distribution network. Further, they gain a capability to be purchased and sold while in transit. Overviews of the supporting technologies that make intelligent supply network a reality are fully discussed. In particular, optimisation agents have the characteristics of autonomous action, being proactive, reactive, and able to communicate. We demonstrate that agents enhance the flexibility, information visibility, and efficiency of the supply chain management. Suggestions and recommendations for further research are provided

Policy, Economic, and Industry Repercussions of Current E-Business Diffusion Rate In European Food Industry

Abstract European policy is focussed on promoting the business techniques and new ways of working which will provide the economic and social foundation of the information society in Europe. To help policy makers define their programmes, and to monitor the effectiveness of these policies, it is essential to examine progress as well as identify areas requiring active support. This study examined the repercussions of ebusiness progress in the food sector based on the findings of a large quantitative survey that investigated the extent, scope, nature of and factors affecting the speed of e-business development in Europe for the Food, beverages and tobacco sector. For this purpose a pan European survey was conducted by EU market observatory called "European e-Business Market Watch" during the period February and March 2003. This study is based on the findings and reports of "European e-Business Market Watch" which can be accessed in the Internet (www.e-businesswatch.org). This study discusses the economic implications for the individual enterprise, the industry structure as well as policy issues such as quality assurance, promotion of ICT education, training and "cultural" change. Regarding economic implications, e-business has played a indirect role because it has significantly involved only in Large Scale Enterprises which proportionally are a small percentage in food industry. For SMEs, the impact of e-business was mainly to the ICT facilities currently at their disposal: websites, the Internet, and e-mail. Regarding industry implications, e-business has not led to significant structural changes, but it has steamed up certain processes. E-business has armoured supply chain management with advanced but sophisticated network technologies. Regarding policy issues, an e-business solution capable of guaranteeing food safety to consumers and vertically integrating business operations across the supply chain would have a good chance of extraordinary diffusion in the food industry

Agrifood Logistics and Food Traceability

ABSTRACT Traceability systems are recordkeeping systems designed to track the flow of product and/or product attributes through the production process and throughout the supply chain from producers to consumers. The aim of this study is to review the current status of traceability systems in food companies, compare different traceablity systems applied by food companies, and analyse the sources of variation in their efficiency. A traceability system is characterized by its breadth, depth, and precision. Differences in efficiency are attributed to the costs and benefits of traceability's implementation to these three traceabiligy characteristics. Three case studies were conducted during the period April-May 2005. All cases were large food companies, with more than 250 employees, and operating for more than 20 years in Greece. All companies had a traceability system in operation. All companies had implemented a traceability system not because legislation required, but because they found it was a valuable business tool. In the operation level, the main problem was whether or not suppliers could provide traceability information in a useful format. All companies reported the same benefits from the traceability system: Better control of supply chain as well as better quality assurance -higher levels of food quality & safety

Exports of Greek Fresh Produce to UK: An Analysis of the Barriers to and the Conditions for Successful Export Performance

Greek fresh produce face increasing competition in European markets which pose a threat to successful export performance. UK market is characterised by intense competition, stringent quality standards, and value for money. In this market, two products of great importance to Greek economy, namely oranges and grapes, have shown diametric performance. Using case research, this study identified and assessed the barriers to and the conditions for successful export performance in UK market for Greek fresh produce. Five UK importing organisations and Seven Greek exporting organisations of fresh produce participated in the study. Findings are discussed under five major categories: the geographical distance; infrastructure; farming practices; exporter's strategies, and competitive advantage. Results indicate that successful performance requires the formulation of strong alliances among exporters to pursue export marketing management, seek support from the Greek government, foster long-term relationships with foreign trading partners, and establish recognisable Greek brand names as a means to costumer loyalty